John Webster’s “The Duchess of Malfi” is the mirror of the Elizabethan society. He depict a picture of restrict society where a young woman who was cruelly persecuted and had to die, her only fault being widow of rant. Duchess is the central figure in this drama. Duchess has some extra ordinary qualities which make her famous John Webster depicts her character through the colour of imagination of his own mind. Definition of her character is given below-------------------------
Duchess is the heroine in this tragedy. She is a beautiful, innocent woman and helpless victim in the male dominated society. She is a young widow and the only sister of the Duke Ferdinand and Cardinal. She wanted to remarry but her two brothers revolted against her remarriage. She asked her brothers, why will not remarry? They reply the very lustful woman marry second time. Their advice by giving subtle warning of dangerous consequence of she married, before going the set Bosola to spy on the Duchess.
Duchess declares her firm decision to remarry, despite the advice from the brothers. She loved Antonio, so she wanted to marry him. She privately and silently gives her ring on to Antonio’s finger. She was ready to accept the dos and don’t of that day. She did not believe in class consciousness and in secret she married Antonio.
Antonio expresses his unworthiness because he was born in lower caste. But Duchess two brothers were class-conscious and revolt against lower caste in the society. So they will not approve Duchess’ remarriage with Antonio. Antonio also expresses fears about the reaction of her royal brothers. Duchess says, their reaction may better be ignored. She says to Antonio-------
“This is flash and blood sir,
Is not the figure cut in alabaster
Kneels at my husband’s tomb”
Every man and woman has freedom and own choice of his own similarly Duchess also wanted to freedom in her moral life. Actually she was confined in a cage where she did not get free breeze, free movement. She was a helpless woman in brother’s kingdom. She had everything beauty, youth, share in the property of her brothers. But she did not have one thing that was freedom. In the male dominated society, our heroine Duchess was like a bird in the craze. Actually Duchess is the true picture of the position of woman of that society.
At last, the predicate situation Duchess was very firmly determined not to come back with her brothers. According to Duchess if she come back she will be died mentally if she does not come back she will be killed physically. I will never come back. Duchess brutally killed by Bosola, according to the order of her cruel brothers. We know that Duchess is young and fit for remarriage. But these two brothers were indifferent to get their sister married at all. After the death of Duchess, Ferdinand comments ----------
“Cover her face; mine eyes dazzle;
She died young
By the above discussion we says that the character of Duchess get fulfillment by this important qualities as a heroine of a tragic drama. And as a painter of such excellent character John Webster established himself as a great dramatist.
Sir it is flesh and blood
Not cut by alabasters
These lines have been taken from Act- 1; Scene –I, of John Webster’s “The Duchess of Malfi”. Here the Duchess tells about her physical demand.
The Duchess utters these words to Antonio. She says that the path of virtue gives him the reward. She says that the persons of high birth have to undergo many sufferings and they feel compelled to take the initiative in love making, because none has the courage to make love to them for fear of offending them. The Duchess also says that her heart is then with his heart inside his bosom. She hopes that her heart will give rise to love in Antonio’s heart. He is trembling. Let not his heart feel more of fear than of love for her. She expressed that she is a living human being she is not a statue made of alabaster which kneels at her husband’s grave.
She wanted to enjoy the pleasure of youth. For that purpose she wanted to make love with Antonio. These lines show that her physical demand is underrated.
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“Cover her face, mine eyes dazzle
She died young”
These quotations have been taken from “The Duchess of Malfi” by John Webster, are spoken by Ferdinand to Bosola in Act-iv; Scene-ii. Ferdinand’s express remorse and repentance over his action in ordering his sister’s murder.
Duchess is a young and beautiful widow. She is forbidden to remarry by her brothers Ferdinand and Cardinal. But she secretly marries her own steward Antonio and she has given birth children by her. When it is discovered the brothers prepare cunning horrors for her and then have her killed by strangling . After her death, Ferdinand appears on the stage. On seeing his sister’s dead body, he experiences a strange and unexpected remorse. He is unable to look at his dead sister’s face. So he tells Bosola to cover her face because she dies a premature death which dazzles his eyes. Ferdinand feels brotherly love for her.
In these lines Ferdinand is in a fit of remorse. This remorse eventually drives him mad. Probably, this is the most famous sentence from “The Duchess of Malfi”. Every critic who has commented on this quoted it.
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Explain- “Eyeless in Gaza at the mill with slaves”
The extract has been taken from Milton’s poem, Samson Agonistes. The poem opens with a soliloquy by Samson. In this soliloquy, Samson bewails the misfortunes which have overtaken him.
In this line, he asks himself. Why he had been bought up in a special way if he was ultimately to meet this sad fate. He is now a prisoner in Gaza and he has lost his eyesight as a result of the cruelty of his enemies. He has to perform hard labour in the company of slaves and donkeys. He says that he is no better then a dead man. He thinks that like a dead man, he had already been buried, though he has not been released from the sufferings of life from which a man gets a release on his death. He is leading the life of a prisoner among enemies who are most brutal in their treatment of him.
Samson grief at this line is so intense that he compares himself to a dead man. His grief over the misfortunes which have descended upon him. Pathos is the keynote of the whole soliloquy from which this line has been taken.
Explain- “Love’s but a frailty of the mind-------------”.
The extracts have been taken from William Congreve’s drama The Way of the World, from Act-III. A part of the song of Millament.
The way of the World is Congreve’s last and most carefully finishes play, where Millament is the perfect model of the accomplished fine lady. In this song we find a views of moral, behavior, habits, fashions, and affections etc which are clement of the Restoration Perion. Here Millament wants to say- If a lover does not combine ambition with his love, then his love is a weakness of the mind. His love is then a feeble flame which will go out it in not fed with fuel and if it is fed with fuel it will consume it self and then be extinguished.
Actually in these lines Millament presents the true picture of the society, where love mean sexual relation for the sake of money. The young man sought rich heiresses in marriage. They think love is one kind of fashion.
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Old format--------------Modern format Old format-------------Modern format
Somer Summer Whan When
Seson Season Shope Dressed
Me Myself Shroudes Clothes
Pe-riche The rich Pe-mene The poor
Worlde World Heremite Hermit
Habite Habit Pis Calm and Quiet
Wondres Wonders Mornynge Morning
Malverme Malvern Hulles Hills
Wery Tired Reste Rest
Banke Bank Alle All
Gan Began Meten Dream
Sweuene Dream Neuer Never
Bihelde Beheld Sonne Sun
Shepe Shepherd Wnder Wander
Brode Broad Bornes Born
Worchyng Working Slepyny Sleeping
Slombered Deep Sleep Merye Merry
Waters Water Inpe Into
Sweyued Sounded Thanne Then
Pe-Est Saw Peest East
Hiegh High Toure Tower
Depe Deep Dale Valley
Dongeol Dungeon Dredful Dreadful
Faire Fair Felde Field
Folke Folk Dyches Ditch
Bytwene Between Lened Leaned
Merueilouse Marvelous maner Manner
Brook Small river loked Looked
Wist Knew Wildernesse Wilderness
Wandryny Wandering
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On Translation of the Bible
- John Wycliff
Write a brief note about the writer John Wycliff and his contribution to Middle English Prose.
John Wycliff, who was born in Yorkshire in 1320, was Professor at Oxford and the Chaplain to Edward – iii. He was very learned in theology and in Roman and English law. He was the first translator of the Bible into English Language. He was drawn into that struggle between the king of England and the Pope which was at once political and religious and which broke out in 1365. He attacked the papal supremacy and his argument was supported by the Court. Hitherto, down to 1380, he had written in Latin but later he wrote in English, translated the Bible and popularized his ideas by means of the preachers who were soon to be known as Lolland’s. After 1381, he was forsaken by all his former friends and his ideals were condemned by the Archbishop of Canterbury and by Oxford University. During his stay in Balliol College, John Wycliff received the strict training in scholasticism with its basis in Grammar, Logic and its emphasis on Aristotle. De Dominio Divino and De Civili Dominio are his two Latin treatise in which he laid down the principle that every temporal lordship is under the over lordship of God and the unrighteous is punished when this is violated. He died peacefully in 1384.
Contribution: - John Wycliff was the first translator of the Bible into English language. He was the famous writer of the English prose at the end of the 17th century. He was an out spoken critic of church policy and doctrine. His importance rests more upon his efforts towards social and ecclesiastical reform than on his contribution to literature. Wycliff’s overt attack on transubstantiation made him a butt of mass condemnation. He translated the New Testament, while Herford translated the old. These translations were made from the Latin Vulgate, not from the original Greek and Hebrew and the whole work was revised in 1388 by John Purvey, a disciple of John Wycliff. The translation laid down the national standard of English Prose. But the translation of Wycliff was faulty because it abounded in Latin constructions.
Secondly, Wycliff first appealed directly to the nation by such leaflets and pamphlets and tracts as were to swarm in the days of the real Reformation. In these works, there is no artistic quality, yet they deserve recognition for the logic and vigour with which he posed certain formulas. A few lively touches of manners, a racy translation of antiquity ----- these are the principal attractions which the Wycliff’s tracts have to offer. He also maintains that the Church personnel have nothing to do with temporal matters mention may be made of De Papa, The Church and her Members, Of Servants and Lords and Wedded Men Women. Of servants and Lords was inspired by the peasants’ Revolt. Here he reminds the servants of their duty to their lords and also discusses in plain terms the many ways in which the poor are wronged.
The so-called Wycliff Bible was apparently the work of his companions and helpers, though Wycliff acted as an inspirational force behind the translation. It was part of his persistent campaign against many aspects of ecclesiastical organization and thought. The Wycliff Bible (1385) was brought out a year after Wycliff’s death by one of his disciples, Nicholas who translated about three –fourths of the Old Testament. It gained increasing popularity. The 1385 version was an over- literal translation of the Latin, but about ten years later John Purvey issued an improved translation.
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Morte d’ Arthur
Sir Thomas Malory’s Morte d’ Arthur is the best known work in the 14th century England. Malory drew materials for his work from the important French collections. The book probed later on a storehouse of materials for the Arthurian cycle of romances. Morte d’ Arthur is a prose romance by Sir Thomas Malory and was one of the books first printed by Caxton in 1485. The author claims that it is a translation of a French book. But actually, it is a compilation in which scattered romances from a mass of Arthurian legends have been blended without any unity. It is a vast work in 21 books and has served as the source book of many of the Arthurian romances in verse in the later ages. For instance, Tennyson dew upon this from his Arthurian romances. In spite of the diversity of legends, the central story consists of two elements. Once is the reign of king Arthur with his triumphs, the unfaithfulness of his Queen Guenever, who has a guilty passion for Launcelot , Launcelot’s punishment, revolt of Sir Modred and Arthur’s passing away . The other is the quest of the Holy Grail (the cup from which Jesus drank in the last supper which was supposed to have mysteriously disappeared) by Launcelot who failed because of his sin and by Sir Galahad, the purest of the knights who succeeded and saw a vision of it. The book ends on a religious note; Guenever becomes a nun and Launcelot a hermit. As a picture of a vanished age, the golden age of King Arthur and his Round Table, the book is highly interesting. The marvelous elements of the prose and the reality are artistically fused together. The style is simple, smooth and harmonious. It is not back dated and has an air of modernity.
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Preface to the Lyrical Ballads
Wordsworth is romantic poet .He is an innovator of romanticism. Romanticism brings with the writing of “Preface to the Lyrical Ballads”. It was a criticism which was started by Wordsworth and Coleridge together. This Criticism is a milestone of revolution and newness against Neo-classicism. Wordsworth as a critic thinks that the language of poetry should be colloquial, rustic, easy, humble, simple and understandable. So that all a classes of readers can easily realized the meaning of those poetic lines.
“The principal object, then, proposed in these poems was to choose incidents and situation from common life, and to relate or describe them throughout, as far as possible, in a selection of language really used by men, and, at the same time, to throw over them a certain colouring of imagination.”
As a critic of poetry through the above quotation Wordsworth went to mean that the main theme and situations will have to be chosen general life. So that, all classes of readers can easily realized it. And the poet has related them in a selection of language really used by men and t the same time, throwing over them a colouring of imagination.
“Humble and rustic life was generally chosen, because in that condition the essential passions of the heart find a better soil in which they can attain their maturity.”
Through the above lines actually Wordsworth had adopted the language of the humble and rustic people avoiding urban expressions. He has chosen this language because the humble people living in close proximity with nature .actually the rustic language helps the rural people to understand the inner meaning and to reach the perfection of the cherished expectation.
“For all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, and through this be true, poems to which any value can be attached were never produced on any variety of subjects.”
Wordsworth declared through the above quotation that he would be giving importance to the feeling and not to the situation of action. But more overflows of powerful feelings are not enough because the poet has to have an organic sensibility and be a person who has thought long and deep. The poet feelings are modified by this thought, so that he is able to connect.
“It may be safely affirmed that there neither is, nor can be, any essential difference between the language of prose and metrical composition.”
Wordsworth concludes that there neither is nor can be any essential difference between the language of prose and metrical composition. The only difference is that poetry uses metre. They are related with each other in their nature, function and appeal.
“Poetry sheds no tears, such as Angels weep, but nature and human tears.”
Wordsworth’s feelings about poetry are as much related to his feeling about humanity and society. Poetry for Wordsworth was as means by which truth about human nature could be carried alive into the heart by passion.
“He is a man speaking to men, a man it is true, endowed with more lively sensibility, more enthusiasm and tenderness who has a greater knowledge of human nature, and a more comprehensive soul than are supposed to be common among mankind.”
As a critic of poetry through the above lines actually Wordsworth wants to mean that a poet can easily communicate with his readers through the use of his poetic lines. Actually the language of a poet is more emphatic and understandable then an average reader can easily really because his language is more enthusiastic and comprehensive.
“Aristotle, I have been told, has said that poetry is the most philosophic of all writing.”
Poetry is the most philosophic of all writing. The object of poetry is general and operative truth. It is the image of man and nature.
“Poetry is the breath and finer spirit of all knowledge; it is the impassioned expression which is in the countenance of all Science.”
Poetry adds feeling to the intellectual apprehensive of truth. It enlarges the scope of man’s knowledge through its imaginative approach. It is gained by both the poet and the man of Science is pleasure.
“Poetry is the first and last of all knowledge; it is as immoral as the heart of man “
Through the above lines, Wordsworth express that English literature began through the Loriting of Anglo-Saxon poetry and it is also ended through the poetry. So poetry is the source of all knowledge.
“I have said that poetry is powerful feelings; it the spontaneous overflow of takes its origin from emotions recollected in tranquility”
Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings; the emotion is contemplated till the tranquility disappears. In this mood, successful composition generally begins.
So, after the above discussion we can find that in his “Preface to the Lyrical Ballads” he gives a clear idea above what would be the main theme of a poem, what is a poet, what is the relationship between a poet and his readers. What should be the language of poetry and what not? So, I am totally agree with the view of Wordsworth who says—
“Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.”
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The Study of Poetry
Mathew Arnold was basically a Victorian poet. We come to see him not as a poet but as a critic ---In his The Study of Poetry he has explored the poetic branches from Chaucerian age to Victorian ages. He has come to evaluate Chaucer that he is the father of English poetry but he is not a true classic. Though Chaucer has the lovely charm of his diction, of his movement, poetic truth, poetic beauty but his poetry lacks high seriousness. His poetry is full of caricature, laughter and fun.
“The future of poetry is immense, because in poetry, where it is worthy of its high destinies, our race, as time goes on, will find an ever surer and surer stay.”
Mathew Arnold above the quotation wants to mean that with the passage of time poetry will find a strong position and all classes of people will read poetry and use it within their own justification. And at the same time our nation will find an ever surer and surer destination in the poetic world.
“Our religions has materialised itself in the fact, in the supposed fact, it has attached its emotion to the fact, and now the fact is failing it.”
Through the above quotation Mathew Arnold wants to represent that poetry is superior to religion. Our religion has established in the real fact. It attached its emotion to the fact in case of religion which is always not successful but the poetic fact can be failure.
“But for poetry the idea is everything; the rest is a world of illusion, of divine illusion. Poetry attaches its emotion to the idea; the idea is fact.
Above the quotation Mathew Arnold expresses that poetry, being based on ideas which are fundamental to humanity. Poetry considers the world outside imagination a world of illusion, a world of deception.
“The strongest part of our religions to-day is its unconscious poetry.”
In the line Mathew Arnold mention, poetry is the parts in religion that still have power over us are these parts which are infused with poetry. Unconscious poetry is not intended.
“More and more mankind will discover that we have to turn to poetry to interpret life for us, to console us, to sustain us.”
In the quotation Mathew Arnold as a literary critic expresses his noble conception of poetry. It is his optimism that poetry alone possesses the power of sustain, console and delight us, to interpret life for us.
“Without poetry, our science will appear incomplete; and most of what now passes with us for religion and philosophy will be replaced by poetry.”
In the line Mathew Arnold optimizes that poetry would be replaced by religion and philosophy. But with poetry our Science will appear incomplete.
“Charlatanism is for confusing or obliterating the distinctions between and inferior, sound and unsound or only half- sound, true and untrue or only half-true.”
Charlatanism means false knowledge. Mathew Arnold as a critic thinks that charlatanism always confused us. And it is not able to distinguish between the real and false, the good and evil.
“The best poetry is what we want; the best poetry will be found to have a power of forming, sustaining, and delighting us, as nothing else can.”
Mathew Arnold above the quotation mentions that a powerful criticism is possible only in the best poetry. The best poetry has the power to console, sustain and give joy.
Chaucer is the father of our splendid English poetry; he is our “well of English undefiled”, because by the lovely charm of his diction, the lovely charm of his movement, he makes an epoch and founds a tradition.
Arnold shows his view about Chaucer. He thinks that, no doubt, Chaucer is the father of English poetry and a well- wisher of all good poetry. He has added a new era with his name. It is called Chaucerian age.
And yet Chaucer is not one of the great classics.
Arnold has expressed Chaucer has the lovely charm of his diction, of his movement, poetic truth and poetic beauty but his poetry lacks high seriousness. So he is not a true classic.
The substance of Chaucer’s poetry, his view of things and his criticism of life, has largeness freedom, shrewdness, benignity; but it has not this high seriousness. Homer’s criticism of life has it, Dante’s has it, Shakespeare’s has it.
Arnold means the grand style which is there in poetry when a serious subject is treated in a simple and intense manner, graciousness and kindness.
Ultimately, it can be said that Mathew Arnold’s The Study of Poetry is a brilliant criticism of poetry. In this criticism we come to know that poetry as a criticism of life needs to judge whether a work is a classic or not, whether a work is real or not.
Md. Tazul Islam Sarker
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Evaluate The way of The world as a comedy of manners.
Comedy of Manners is one kind of comedy in which portrays the ridiculous behavior pattern of the individuals of an aristocratic society. It is concerned with the coarseness, immorality, faithlessness, jealousy, intrigue, etc. of an artificial society. The Way of The World is a comedy of manners, William Congreve laughs at the vices and follies of the artificial life of the upper class society in Landon of his time. He depicts a true picture of contemporary life in the latter part of the Restoration period. Actually this comedy gives us an idea of the loose morals of the aristocratic people, false love and illicit, fashion and intension.
When we go through The Way of The World we get evident idea about moral back-wordless. The characters Fainall, Mrs. Fainall, Marwood and the hero Mirabell manifest idea of moral impoverishment. Wishfort’s daughter becomes pregnant as a result of illicit love affair with Miraball. In order to provide a cover for this affair, Mirabell marries Fainall.
The conjugal life of Mr. and Mrs. Fainall is very unhappy. When Mr. Fainall under stood the illicit relation with Mirabell he threatens his wife to divorce no the grounds of her illicit love affair. Lady Wishfort is willing to pay any price to save the honour of her house.
Though Fainall is a married man, he has illicit relation with Mrs. Marwood when the cat is ultimately out of the bag; Fainall faces the situation without fear or shame. He says, “If it must all come out why let in know it; but the way of the world.”
Legacy conflicts were common in those days. Fainall marries lady Wishfort’s daughter for the save of her money. Fainall also tries to grab Millament and lady Wishfort’s legacy. On the other hand, Millament also agrees to marry Sir Wilfull for money.
This comedy provides us with affectations and fashions of woman of the then society. In this comedy, we find women are fond of wearing masks, going to the theatre, discussing fashions and so on. Women wear tight dresses to attract the opposite sense. Lady Wishfort uses cosmetics at the age of fifty-five. Even the intelligent women life Millament induces others to have a crowd of admirers around them.
In this comedy, we find false fops and wits through petulant. Passing vulgar remarks at ladies on the Mall is one of their pastimes. Petulant hires women to come and ask for him at the chocolate house in order that other men may take notice of him. These two friends are fond of drinking too. But the most amusing aspect of them is that they constantly rail at each other. One sign of without wit is that he does not know who Sir Wilfull is. So Sir Wilfull says, “The fashion’s a fool and you are a fop dear brother.
In fine, we can say that The Way of The World is a mirror in which we can feel into the hollowness of the then society in London. The Way of The ÿÿrld fulfill all element ÿÿmedy of manner. So it is a comedy of manner.
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Write a brief note on William Langland’s Piers the Plowman.
William Langland is the Author of a long poem Piers the Plowman the most popular poem at the century. The chief forms of this poem are A-Text, B-Text, and C-Text which appeared in 1362, 1377 and 1400 lines respectively. The general form of the poem is a vision framing moral allegories. It is a continuation of the tradition of the Roman de la Rose. The first vision of the poem was written about 1362 lines and contains the vision about Piers the Plowman and the vision of Do-Well, Do-Better, Do-Best. The B-Text was written about 1377 lines and includes fable of the rats and the cats. The C- Text has few hundred lines more then the B-text. The existence of the various versions, thus enlarged and brought up to date is indication of the popularity of the work.
Piers the Plowman by Langland is one of the significance of the work, is the Middle English period before Chaucer. It is an allegorical of the life. It is the greatest of all literative poems of social protest. In its earliest form (A-Text), the poem consists three successive visions. Two of them are intimately connected but the 3rd is incoherent. In the first vision, that of the field full of folk, the poet lies on the Malverts hills on a May morning. He dreams a marvelous dream. He sees on the playing beneath him, a multitude folk. A vast crowed expressing the varied life of the world. He sees a vision of a high tower (Truth), a deep dungeon (Wrong). All classes and conditions of people------ beggars, friars, priest, lawyers, labours, hermits and nuns assemble. In another vision, he sees Lady Meet, Reason, Conscience and other abstraction. Lady Meet, a powerfully drawn figure, expresses the corrupt social life. In the confusion appears the Lady Holy Chaucer who exhorts them all to seek the best thing- Truth. The next vision is about the Confession of Seven Deadly Sins and a thousand men moving to seek Truth. But the way is difficult and hare a pier plowman makes his appears and offers to guide the pilgrims if they help plough his half acre of land. Piers set them all too honest labour and preach the gospel of work as preparation for salvation. At the end of the poem there is a vain search for Do-Well, Do-Better, Do-Best.
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Internet
Internet is the latest medium of communication. It is a compute based global information system. It is a speedy transmitting system of information with the help of computer and computer networks. The internet is composed of many interconnected computer networks. Each may link tens, hundreds, or even thousands of computers, enabling them to share information. The internet has made it possible for people all over the world to effectively and inexpensively communication with one another. Like traditional broadcasting media. Such as radio and television, the internet doesn’t have a centralized distribution system.
Internet is now regarded as a milestone of the modern world of communication. It is intact a network of communication. In
The use of Internet:-The use of internet in our country still now costly, Modern age in the age of information. Information is stored and we find them through internet. Now the commerce has been changed by it. Internet based commerce has become most popular to the customers as they can buy or choose anything without going to a market, educational institutions are also using its advantages.
Many students are communicating with their teachers, libraries and among themselves with the help of internet in the shortest possible time. Those days are not so far when any student will have access to internet and take its maximum benefits.
How to use:-In order to use the internet one has to do certain things and follow some procedures. Before using the internet, one must know how to use a computer. To use it, at first one has to have access to internet or the connection of internet lines to one’s computer. Next one has to click on the icon of browsing software like the Microsoft explorer or Netscape Navigator.
Then one will automatically get logged on the internet. After that one will find space for writing the address of the web page that one desirer to see. In this space the address has to be written correctly. After this, one will see the desired page. However, one may also go to search engine for searching a particular web page or any kinds of information. A search engine is a system through which one can search information on web pages containing that information.. Yahoo and Microsoft network are such engines. By following the above steps, one can easily use the internet and find ones desired information through it.
Amenities of internet:-The internet has brought new opportunities to government, business and education. Government uses the internet for internal communication, distribution of information and automated tax processing. In addition to offering goods services online customers, business men use the internet to interact with other business. Many individuals use the internet for shopping, paying bills are online barking. Educational institutions use the internet for research and to deliver courses to students at remote sits.
Conclusion: - internet brought a revolutionary change in the sphere of communication. The necessity of internet cannot be ignored. Every one should know how to use internet.
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Email
In its simplest form ‘Email’ is an electronic message sent from one device to another. It is not much different than a letter, it just gets delivered faster. It is transmission of messages over communication networks. You then send the message to the recipient by specifying the recipient’s address. You can also send the same message, attach documents, pictures, even sound and video file to several users at once. It can take days to send a letter across the country and weeks to go around the world. To save time and money, more people are relying on Email. It’s fast, easy and much cheaper than the using the post office. To receive Email, your need an account on a mail server. This is similar to having a street address where you receive letters. Sent messages are stored in Email boxes until the recipient fetches them. To see if you have any mail, you may have to check your Email box periodically, although many systems alert, you when mail is received. After reading your mail, you can store it in a text file, forward it to other users, or delete it. Copies of memos can be printed out on a printer if you want a paper copy.
